《保险研究》20190609-《人力资本、社会保障与中国居民收入不平等——基于个体相对剥夺视角》（杨晶、邓大松、申云）

［摘   要］本文通过Kakwani个体相对剥夺指数测度中国城乡居民的收入不平等程度,并分析了人力资本和社会保障对居民个体收入不平等的影响机制及其城乡差异。研究发现:人力资本积累和社会保障制度能够有效抑制居民收入不平等程度的恶化,人力资本和社会保障主要通过收入增长效应和收入差距减缓效应来降低居民收入不平等程度,且稳健性检验结果依然显著；城乡之间不同收入人群在人力资本积累和社会保障再分配上存在群体差异性和阶层分化,导致城乡居民收入不平等的异质性。加强人力资本要素集聚和提高生产效率,构建城乡一体化的社会保障体系,遏制城乡居民多维贫困的代际传递,对于降低城乡居民收入不平等尤为关键。

［关键词］人力资本；社会保障；相对剥夺；收入不平等

［基金项目］教育部人文社会科学研究基地重大项目(编号:16JJD840007)；国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:71673303、71273281、71773140)。

［作者简介］杨晶,武汉大学社会保障研究中心助理研究员,博士生,研究方向:社会保险精算与农户收入问题,E-mail:wuhan_yangjing@whu.edu.cn；邓大松(通讯作者),武汉大学社会保障研究中心教授,博士生导师,研究方向:社会保障问题；申云,四川农业大学经济学院特聘副教授,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向:农业经济学。

Human Capital,Social Security and Income Inequality In China: Based on the Relative Income Deprivation

YANG Jing,DENG Da-song,SHEN Yun

Abstract：This paper measured the income inequality of urban and rural residents in China by Kakwani Individual Relative Deprivation Index,analysed the impact mechanism of human capital and social security on the income inequality of individual residents and the differences between urban and rural areas.The results show that:human capital accumulation and social security system can effectively restrain the deterioration of income inequality.Human capital and social security reduce income inequality mainly through income growth effect and income gap mitigation effect,and the robustness test results are still significant.There are group differences and class differentiation in human capital accumulation and social security system redistribution among different income groups in urban and rural areas,which leads to the heterogeneity of income inequality between urban and rural residents.Therefore,it is particularly crucial to reduce the income inequality between urban and rural residents by lifting the concentration of human capital factors,improving production efficiency,building an integrated social security system for urban and rural residents,and curbing the inter-generational transmission of multi-dimensional poverty among urban and rural residents.

Key words：human capital;social security;relative deprivation;income inequality